Keywords
Abstract
Objective: The purpose was to identify the association of hand grip strength and hand writing speed among school students and
to find out if there is any gender-based variation between hand grip strength and hand writing speed.
Study Design: An Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted.
Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Faisal Model High School, Sadiqabad, Rawalpindi, and All City
Leadership School and College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June 2025 to November 2025.
Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 200 school students from
Rawalpindi, aged between 12-17 years. Data was collected using hand dynamometer and words per minute test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26.
Results: Statistical results showed significant relation between gender and hand grip strength (p <0.01), gender and hand writing
speed (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between hand grip strength and hand writing speed (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that both males and females had faster hand writing speed but males showed stronger grip strength as compared to females.
Keywords: Hand grip strength, hand writing speed, dynamometer, words per minute test, hand dominance.
References
1. Kendall S, Maldonado N, Dringoli J, Noel O. UW Adapted Fitness: Grip Strength Improvement Mechanism. BME. 2024;200:300.
2. Carmeli E, Patish H, Coleman R. The aging hand. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2003;58(2):M146-M52.
3. Amo-Setién FJ, Leal-Costa C, Abajas-Bustillo R, González-Lamuño D, Redondo-Figuero C, Group ER. Factors associated with grip strength among adolescents: An observational study. Journal of hand therapy. 2020;33(1):96-102.
4. Musa T, Li W, Xiaoshan L, Guo Y, Wenjuan Y, Xuan Y, et al. Association of normative values of grip strength with anthropometric variables among students, in Jiangsu Province. Homo. 2018;69(1-2):70-6.
5. Prunty MM, Pratt A, Raman E, Simmons L, Steele-Bobat F. Grip strength and pen pressure are not key contributors to handwriting difficulties in children with developmental coordination disorder. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2020;83(6):387-96.
6. Kadaskar V, Borkar T. A study to evaluate the correlation between pinch grip and handwriting among school going children in rural areas. Int J Res Rev. 2020;7(2):412-6.
7. Smits-Engelsman BC, Westenberg Y, Duysens J. Children with developmental coordination disorder are equally able to generate force but show more variability than typically developing children. Human movement science. 2008;27(2):296-309.
8. Bartov R, Wagner M, Shvalb N, Hochhauser M. Evaluating handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD): Temporal, spatial, pressure and grip-force measures. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2024;151:104765.
9. VAIDYA S, Nariya DM. Handgrip Strength as a Predictor of Muscular Strength and Endurance: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2021;15(1).
10. Butt K, Maqbool S, Fatima U, Arif M, Arooj A, Amir L, et al. Effect Of Hand Grip Strength and Endurance on Writing Speed¬¬ Among Students of DPT In AMNC: Hand Grip Strength on Writing Speed¬¬ Among Students. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:22-6.
11. Luna-Heredia E, Martín-Peña G, Ruiz-Galiana J. Handgrip dynamometry in healthy adults. Clinical Nutrition. 2005;24(2):250-8.
12. Schneider MK, Myers CT, Morgan-Daniel J, Shechtman O. A scoping review of grasp and handwriting performance in school-age children. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. 2023;43(4):430-45.
13. Desmond ZA, Mahmud KA, Precious OC, Jeremiah OA, Omotayo TO, David FA, et al. African Multidisciplinary.
14. Gokulakrishnan J, Franklin J. A Study on Upper Limb Strengthening Exercises on Hand Writing Speed for Undergraduates. Journal of Physiotherapy Research. 2020;4(3):3.
15. Tayyab S, Shehzad A, Waqas S, Asim HM. Association of Hand Grip Strength and with Writing Speed (Endurance) Among the Students. Annals of King Edward Medical University. 2019;25(1).
16. Pradeep G, Abdulla G, Benoj AA, Fernandes VS, Narayanan SN. Analysis of the Role of Handgrip Strength and Pinch Force on Handwriting Speed. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. 2025;7(1):206.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Nursing and Allied Health